Study design practice exam questions seethesolutions. Objective is to estimate some sort of population parameter. To answer a question, click the button in front of your choice. Other terminology important for epidemiological studies design. In epidemiological study design, we study and discover the cause of a disease or other health outcomes. An epidemiological study is set up to examine the association between bronchitis and air. For example, it is unethical to include a placebo therapy as one of the arms of a clinical trial if an accepted remedy or preventive of. The practice of breastfeeding has been recommended for reinforcing the. All attendees were interviewed by the local public health nurse who had completed a principles of epidemiology self study course. Studies with human subjects involving repeated measures indicate that the test yields the same results for every individual again and again, however, other studies indicate that there is a very low correlation between this new test for prostate cancer and already existing tests with proven track records. I will argue that when the individual is the unit of analysis and the disease outcome under study is dichotomous, then epidemiological study designs can best be classified according to two criteria. Causation is a term used in epidemiology and public health to describe etiology of a disease. A project initiated by the intramural epidemiology, demography and biometry program of the national institute on aging, entitled established populations for epidemiologic studies of the elderly epese, has developed information on death. Answer all questions from section a and four out of five questions from section b.
Seminar objectives provide an overview of different types of study designs. To appreciate use of epidemiologic study designs for a variety of applications of potential practical importance z. Epidemiological studies can be descriptive andor analytical. Individualized homeopathic remedies were prescribed to each participant for six weeks and. Choose from 500 different sets of epidemiology study designs flashcards on quizlet. You will learn how to understand and differentiate commonly used terminologies in epidemiology, such as chance, bias and confounding, and suggest measures to mitigate them. Epidemiologic study design study design is the arrangement of conditions for the collection and analysis of data to provide the most accurate answer to a question in the most economical way. It is the only measure of risk that can be obtained directly form a casecontrol study c. A published study follows a large group of women with untreated dysplasia of the uterine cervix, documenting the number who improve, stay unchanged, or progress into cervical cancer. In an epidemiological study the incidence of disease in females is more than that of males but the prevalence is equal in both.
May 05, 2017 this video gives a simple overview of the most common types of epidemiological studies, their advantages and disadvantages. Overview of study designs university of california, davis. You are asked by a physician for advice to conduct an epidemiological study to investigate risk factors for multiple myeloma, a type of cancer, which is extremely rare. After attending a retirement party for the behavioral sciences department chairperson, many of the faculty developed gastroenteritis. An investigator takes a sample of healthy individuals, record their ongoing solar exposure, and relate that to the. Question 1 what are focus areas of nutritional epidemiology. The interpretation of study findings or surveys is subject to debate, due to the possible errors in measurement which might influence the results. For example, it is unethical to include a placebo therapy as one of the arms of a clinical trial if an accepted remedy or preventive of the outcome already. It provides an explanation to the different terms used in describing. Epidemiology multiple choice questions and answers pdf. Traditional and novel approaches to advance life course health development research chapter pdf available november 2017 with 50 reads how we measure reads.
Brown university authentication for webbased services. Bias and study design bias can create a spurious association or hide a true association careful study design can minimise bias retrospective studies more prone to bias just because a study has a retrospective design does not mean there is bias even clinical trials can have information bias. Consider the example of a descriptive epidemiologic study of children who were exclusively breastfed. Is usually the cheapest epidemiological study design.
Questionnaire design cdc pdf pdf 625kb questionnaire design is designed for reproductive health professionals who are interested in evaluating or designing questionnaires for use in epidemiologic studies and surveillance. Which study design was chosen and was it appropriate. Seeks to measure the frequency of disease andor collect descriptive data on risk factors. A doctor is required to study the incidence of silicosis in a stone cutting industry, which study design should he choose. Epidemiology 227 final examination june 9, 2011 select the best answer for the multiple choice questions. Twenty of the radium dial painters and four of the telephone operators developed bone cancer between 1945 and 1975. Introduction to study designs crosssectional studies. Questionnaire design reproductive health series module 4.
What do studies on diet, exercise, and obesity suggest with respect to heart disease. As part of the investigation of this outbreak, cdc workers checked the food histories of 20 patients infected with the outbreak strain and compared them with the food histories of 20 patients infected with other listeria strains. In a study of 500 cases of a disease and 500 controls, the. Exam questions that have been used for epidemiology courses at. Various epidemiological study designs are available to investigate illness and injury risks related to workplace exposures. Epidemiology is applied in many areas of public health practice. It tends to be biased towards 1 neither risk or protection at high rates of. The occurrence of cancer was studied in this group between 19901995.
Epidemiologic measurements used to describe disease occurrence. Raw questionnaire data are the basic building blocks of study results, and the overall quality of study results can only be. Which of the following study designs would be most appropriate, given. A it is an estimate of relative risk b it is the only measure of risk that can be obtained directly form a casecontrol study c it tends to be biased towards 1 neither risk or protection at high rates of disease. There are 96 questions and pages on the examination. In theory, the casecontrol study can be described simply. To appreciate use of epidemiologic study designs for a variety of. Types of epidemiological studies you should know new. Observational and interventional study design types. Epidemiological concepts outcomes and data analysis. Epidemiology 220 february, 2014 midterm examination select the best answer for the multiple choice questions.
Pdf selecting the appropriate study design for your. In this study, women who received radiation therapy for postpartum mastitis an inflammation of the breast that occurs after giving birth in the 1940 were compared to women who received a nonradiation therapy for postpartum mastitis in the 1940s. Epidemiological study research papers custom written. The incidence of bone cancer in these women up to 1975 was compared to that of 1,000 women who worked as telephone operators in 1945.
Researchers have a choice of several study designs for their investigation and a judgment must be made as to whether their choice is reasonable in relation to the question they wish to consider. A cohort is a group of subjects with common exposure, and the objective of a cohort study is to evaluate causal association between specific exposures and. Test practice exam october 1, 2014, questions studeersnel. You may remember that three years ago there was a multistate outbreak of illnesses caused by a specific and unusual strain of listeria monocytogenes. First, identify the cases a group known to have the outcome and the controls a group known to be. Under in vitro studies, a piece of human or animal cell is usually removed from the body for the experiment. There are 92 questions and 12 pages on the examination. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. This was a nineweek pilot study using a case study design. This video gives a simple overview of the most common types of epidemiological studies, their advantages and disadvantages. A study began in 1970 with a group of 5000 adults in delhi who were asked about their alcohol consumption. Often quite costly and timeconsuming, particularly if prospective losstofollowup may lead. No study design is perfect do not use prospective and retrospective as synonyms for cohort and casecontrol possible biases may or may not be present some epidemiological principles apply to laboratory study design. Learn more about shibboleth at brown brown university.
Semester 3 practice questions in epidemiology proprofs quiz. Table 1 lists epidemiological study designs and specific goals these can help achieve. Types of epidemiologic studies 69 not included in the study. The 1996 exams are provided to help you focus your studies for this years exams. You will learn about commonly used epidemiological measurements to describe the occurrence of disease.
Epidemiology study design questions flashcards quizlet. Notify the instructor if your examination does not have 12 pages. The outcome frequency of measure is prevalence since this study looks only a snip of time. A study examined the relationship between exposure to chest irradiation and subsequent risk of breast cancer that was begun in 2005. This study design is best described as which one of the following. Due to effects of factors other than the exposure of interest on the observed measure of association.
Selecting appropriate study designs to address specific. The choice of study design to address a particular research question will be guided by the nature of the health outcome under study, its presumed relation to workplace exposures, and feasibility constraints. Each study design has their own inherent strengths and weaknesses, and there can be a general hierarchy in study designs, however, any hierarchy cannot be applied uniformly across study design types 3,5,6,9. How to assess epidemiological studies postgraduate medical. A prospective study is one where the study starts before the exposure and outcome are ascertained. Understand key considerations in designing a study, including randomization, matching and blinding. The investigator wants to find out whether the prevalence of bronchitis is higher among those exposed to air pollution, according to measurements in their environment, than among people not exposed to air pollution. For readers with a particular research question in mind, comparison of the different options may guide selection of an appropriate study design.
Reproductive health epidemiology modules publications. Least prone to bias when compared with other observational study designs forward directionality looks at cause before effect can study several diseases disadvantages of a cohort study include. Descriptive studies look at the natural history of disease, are useful for allocation of resources or can suggest a hypothesis descriptive studies can be a case report, case series, ecologic study, or of crosssectional design analytic studies test hypotheses and may assess causation examples of analytic study designs are case. Analytic study designs the architecture of the various strategies for testing hypotheses through epidemiologic studies, a comparison of their relative strengths and weaknesses, and an indepth investigation of major designs. Pdf explain the concept of causation and explain in. The current section introduces you to the commonly used measures that facilitate understanding of distribution of disease in a given population. An epidemiological study is a scientific investigation that compares two groups of people who are alike in all aspects save one factor in which investigators attempt to determine if any factor is responsible for a health effect. The survey designs described in chapters 6 to 8 are all observational. Clearly indicate on the scan form the one best answer to each question among the answers provided.
Select the best answer for the multiple choice questions. The hallmark feature of an analytic epidemiologic study is. Question 7 in a cohort study, the risk ratio of developing diabetes was 0. Basic epidemiology starts with a definition of epidemiology, introduces the history of modern epidemiology, and provides examples of the uses and applications of epidemiology. Study design plays an important role in the quality, execution, and interpretation of biomedical and public health research 112. Epidemiology multiple choice questions and answers pdf free download,objective type interview questions mcqs for freshers and experienced medical students. Epidemiologic study designs epidemiology learning materials. A retrospective study is one where the study starts after the exposure and probably outcome has been ascertained. The 6 ds of health outcomes death disease discomfort disability dissatisfaction destitution a bad outcome if untimely a set of symptoms, signs and lab results symptoms such as pain, nausea and itching impaired ability to go about usual activities emotional reaction to disease and its care financial cost of illness. Epidemiologic principles midterm exam march 15, 2005. Pdf established populations for epidemiologic studies of.
A response will appear in the window below the question to let you know if you are correct. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Learn epidemiology study designs with free interactive flashcards. Questionnaire design reproductive health epidemiology series. Role of chance, bias and confounding in epidemiological. Understand the strengths and limitations of each type of study design, as applied to a particular research purpose. All of the following are true of odds ratio except. This article describes the importance of selecting the appropriate epidemiological study design for a given study question.
Epidemiologic study designs descriptive studies seeks to measure the frequency of disease andor collect descriptive data on risk factors analytic studies tests a causal hypothesis about the etiology of disease experimental studies compares, for example, treatments. A casecontrol study is designed to help determine if an exposure is associated with an outcome i. Descriptive studies are used to describe exposure and disease in a population, and can be used to generate hypotheses, but they are not designed to test hypotheses. After studying the material in this module the student should be. Classification of epidemiological study designs request pdf. Be sure that you have selected your choice correctly on the scan form. Clinical epidemiology can be defined as the investigation and control of the distribution and. Experimental studies are also main types of epidemiological studies that scientists will carry out experiments where they change things in some sets and compare the outcomes. Epidemiologic study designs johns hopkins medicine. These include ecological, caseseries, case control, cohort and. Study design study design is the arrangement of conditions forthe collection and analysis of data to provide themost accurate answer to a question in the mosteconomical way. The university of auckland first semester, 2011 campus.
The essence of epidemiology is to measure disease occurrence and make comparisons between population groups. At, we provide access to the bestquality, bestvalue private tutoring service possible, tailored to your course of study. How to assess epidemiological studies postgraduate. Circle the most appropriate explanation on prevalence rate. Health studies 315 epidemiology and clinical investigation notes. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief overview of the range of study designs used to address research questions in clinical epidemiology. Thus, subjects exposed to a risk factor often differ from those who are unexposed in other ways, which independently influence their risk of disease.
Basic principles of epidemiology public health merck. Nov 28, 2014 latest epidemiology multiple choice questions and answers for pdf free download 1. Notify the instructor if your examination does not have pages. Measurement of exposure and disease are covered in chapter 2 and a summary of the different types of study designs and their strengths and limitations is provided in. Latest epidemiology multiple choice questions and answers for pdf free download 1. A blog for medical students to practice multiple choice questions for fcps part one, mrcp, usmle, plab and lot of articles. Study design quiz by laura king, ma, els ama manual of style. Epidemiological studies can also be prospective or retrospective. The crosssectional study design was used to investigate possible risks of cardiovascular disease and reproductive and developmental risks. Among the most salient are to observe historical health trends to make useful projections into the future, discover diagnose current health and disease burden in a population, identify specific causes and risk factors of disease, differentiate between natural and intentional events eg, bioterrorism, describe the natural.